Quantitative Chemical Composition, Anti-Oxidant Activity, and Inhibition of TNF Release by THP-1 Cells Induced by Extracts of Echinodorus macrophyllus and Echinodorus grandiflorus

This study investigated the similarities between Echinodorus macrophyllus and grandiflorus, plant species that are traditionally used in Brazil to treat rheumatism arthritis, whose anti-inflammatory effects supported by scientific evidence. The contents of cis- trans-aconitic acid, homoorientin, chicoric swertisin, caffeoyl-feruloyl-tartaric di-feruloyl-tartaric acid were quantified UPLC-DAD various hydroethanolic extracts from leaves, whereas their anti-oxidant activity effect on TNF release LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells assessed evaluate potential effects. 50% 70% ethanol showed higher concentrations analyzed markers two commercial samples a cultivated specimen E. macrophyllus, as well lot grandiflorus. However, distinguishing based marker was not feasible. also exhibited biological activity, yet they did allow differentiation species, indicating similar chemical composition Principal component analysis highlighted comparable among while successfully lots. In summary, no differences observed terms evaluated activities.